About this calculator?

In business, profit maximization is always the primary aim. Whether a business sells physical commodities, immaterial products, or services, determining the best pricing for the offerings is critical to maximizing revenues. Understanding the ideal price and amount of units sold can help with applying the results to alter pricing and maximise overall profit.

The optimal price is the price per unit at which the overall profit is maximized, quantity multiplied by unit price. It is an important aspect of the success of any business. Consider two notebook shops on opposite sides of the same street. One sells high-quality notebooks for €15 a unit, while the other sells extremely basic notebooks for €3. The shop selling luxury notebooks will sell fewer notebooks every month, but their income per unit is high enough to allow for only a modest amount to be sold. The second business, on the other hand, has to sell a lot more notebooks to earn a profit, and their low pricing attracts more people.

Identifying the best price for selling products or services requires having insight into the link between price and demand. It is necessary to evaluate elements such as marginal costs, marginal revenue, beginning and end prices and quantities, and the price elasticity of demand. This data assists businesses in determining the best pricing to maximise earnings and making educated decisions to improve their financial performance.

Keep in mind that the profit calculation assumes that every unit is produced at the same cost, and it does not show the actual profit.

Price elasticity of demand (PED)

This evaluates how the price of an item affects its demand. This can allow businesses to decide on a pricing plan since it might affect total income. The number of substitutes for the product on the market, the time frame being evaluated, the price of the product compared to people's income, whether the commodity is a luxury or a necessity, and the size of the market being studied are the primary drivers of PED.

The mid-point formula is used to evaluate the PED. According to the formula, PED is always negative, indicating that the connection between price and demand is inversely proportional. A drop in price leads to a rise in demand and vice versa. The revenue increase is directly related to PED.

• If PED is perfectly inelastic (PED = 0), a change in price will have no effect on demand and a decrease in price will result in a drastic drop in revenue.

• If PED is inelastic (-1 < PED < 0), a decrease in price will result in a slight increase in demand and a negative revenue increase.

• If PED is unitary elastic (PED = -1), a decrease in price will result in a proportional increase in demand and no change in revenue.

• If PED is elastic (-∞ < PED < -1), a decrease in price will result in a substantial increase in demand and an increase in revenue.

• If PED is perfectly elastic (PED = -∞), any increase in price will immediately cause the demand to drop to zero and result in a 100% loss of revenue.

Businesses will usually charge as much as they can for a product or service without impacting demand. Because demand for an inelastic good is less sensitive to price than demand for an elastic commodity, the firm may raise the price if the cost of manufacturing rises. Cross-price elasticity analyzes how the demand for one product varies as the price of another related product changes. Depending on the connection between the items, the cross-price elasticity might be positive or negative.

The end-goal.

The end-goal of utilising this calculator is to allow you to determine the optimal price for your products or services by considering factors such as marginal costs, marginal revenue, initial and final prices and quantities, and the price elasticity of demand. Allowing you to gain insight into the relationship between price and demand, thus determining the price that will maximize profits.

Necessary terms.

• Marginal costs: Cost of producing one additional unit of a product or service.

• Marginal revenue: Additional revenue generated by selling one more unit of a product or service.

• Initial price: Starting price of a product or service before changes.

• Initial quantity: Starting quantity of a product or service sold before changes.

• Final price: End price of a product or service after changes.

• Final quantity: End quantity of a product or service sold after changes.

• Price elasticity of demand: Measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a product or service to changes in its price.

• Initial revenue: Amount of money a business generates from sales at the start of a certain period.

• Final revenue: Amount of money a business generates from sales at the end of a certain period.

• Revenue increase: Difference between the final revenue and the initial revenue, indicating growth or decline in sales over a certain period.

• Optimal price: Price at which a product or service is sold that maximizes profit.

• Optimal quantity: Quantity of a product or service sold that maximizes profit.

• Profit at initial price: Profit earned from selling a product or service at the initial price.

• Profit at final price: Profit earned from selling a product or service at the final price.

• Profit at optimal price: Profit earned from selling a product or service at the optimal price.

The formula.

Marginal Revenue

• Marginal Revenue: MR

• Marginal Costs: MC

MR = MC

Price Elasticity of Demand

• Price Elasticity of Demand: PED

• Final Quantity: FQ

• Initial Quantity: IQ

• Final Price: FP

• Initial Price: IP

PED = ((FQ - IQ) / ( (FQ + IQ) / 2 )) / ((FP - IP) / ( (FP + IP) / 2 ))

Initial Revenue

• Initial Revenue: IR

• Initial Price: IP

• Initial Quantity: IQ

IR = IP * IQ

Final Revenue

• Final Revenue: FR

• Final Price: FP

• Final Quantity: FQ

FR = FP * FQ

Revenue Increase

• Revenue Increased: RI

• Final Revenue: FR

• Initial Revenue: IR

RI = FR * IR

Optimal Price

• Optimal Price: OP

• Marginal Costs: MC

• Price Elasticity of Demand: PED

OP = MC × ((PED / (PED + 1))

Optimal Quantity

• Optimal Quantity: OQ

• Final Quantity: FQ

• Optimal Price: OP

• Price Elasticity of Demand: PED

• Final Price: FP

OQ = FQ * (OP * PED + OP - FP * PED + FP) / (-OP * PED + OP + FP * PED + FP)

Profit At The Initial Price

• Profit at Initial Price: PIP

• Initial Quantity: IQ

• Marginal Costs: MC

• Initial Price: IP

PIP = IQ * (-MC + IP)

Profit At The Final Price

• Profit at Final Price: PFP

• Final Quantity: FQ

• Marginal Costs: MC

• Final Price: FP

PFP = FQ * (-MC + FP)

Profit At The Optimal Price

• Profit at Optimal Price: POP

• Optimal Quantity: OQ

• Marginal Costs: MC

• Optimal Price: OP

POP = OQ * (-MC + OP)

Thank you for taking the time to interact with this calculator. Hopefully, this has provided you with insight to assist you with your business.