A hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee

Table of Contents

 

TL;DR.

This blog post argues that untested assumptions in business can be perilous. It highlights the need to transition from speculative ideas to data-verified guarantees by using digital tools and a continuous feedback approach, thereby ensuring that business strategies are resilient and responsive.

Main Points.

  • Assumptions vs. Guarantees:

    • Assumptions are unverified ideas about customer behaviour, market trends, and operations.

    • Guarantees are outcomes that have been rigorously validated using real-world data.

  • Risks of Unverified Assumptions:

    • Can create blind spots, strategic misalignment, and inefficiencies.

  • Digital-First Strategy:

    • Utilise data analytics platforms, digital business calculators, and scenario planning tools to challenge and confirm assumptions.

    • Continuous monitoring and agile adjustments are key to maintaining an up-to-date business strategy.

  • Structured Analysis:

    • Employ frameworks like the Business Model Canvas and risk-rating methodologies to systematically test and refine assumptions.

  • Leadership and Culture:

    • Cultivate a culture of inquiry where team members are encouraged to question assumptions and base decisions on robust data.

Conclusion.

A hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee. By rigorously testing assumptions through a digital-first, data-driven approach, businesses can transform uncertainty into a competitive advantage, ensuring strategies remain agile, robust, and aligned with real market dynamics.



Unmasking hidden assumptions, the foundation of informed business strategy.

Assumptions are the starting blocks for planning and decision-making in any business model, yet unverified assumptions can evolve into pitfalls that undermine growth. Drawing on a digital-first mindset and real-world, data-driven strategies, this section explains how to unmask hidden assumptions and transform them into reliable guarantees.

Understanding assumptions vs. guarantees.

Assumptions are the “givens” taken for granted in business strategies. They are often influenced by personal biases or a common sense approach that is not always validated by data. In contrast, guarantees are outcomes that have been rigorously tested and verified with solid evidence.

  • Assumptions: Hypotheses about customer behaviour, market trends, and operational efficiencies that have not been confirmed.

  • Guarantees: Outcomes that emerge once these assumptions have been challenged and confirmed through data and analytical rigor.

Building a strategy on untested assumptions risks creating blind spots, leading to unexpected failures. It is essential to evolve from speculative ideas to guarantees that empower a strategy with clarity and resilience.

How hidden assumptions form.

Hidden assumptions often lurk in the early stages of business model development. They can form in several key areas:

  • Customer insights: Believing you know what your target market wants without sufficient market research.

  • Operational efficiencies: Assuming internal processes are as streamlined as they appear, without rigorous audits.

  • Financial forecasting: Estimating growth rates or cash flow based solely on historical data, ignoring future market shifts.

Even experienced leaders can fall prey to these unspoken beliefs simply because they are based on familiar patterns rather than up-to-date data.

Risks of taking common sense for granted.

Relying only on what seems obvious can be dangerous:

  • Blind spots: Unchallenged assumptions obscure potential risks and emerging trends.

  • Strategic misalignment: Unverified beliefs may lead to misallocated resources and a disconnect between what the business delivers and what the market truly needs.

  • Inefficiencies: Time and effort can be wasted on initiatives that do not actually solve real-world problems.

In a world where digital trends evolve rapidly, a static mindset built on unchecked assumptions can quickly render a business model obsolete.

Uncovering hidden assumptions with technology.

Leveraging modern technology is key to systematically challenging and validating assumptions:

  • Data analytics platforms: Use advanced analytics tools to gather customer data, track market trends, and measure operational metrics. Such platforms turn raw data into actionable insights that confirm or refute assumptions.

  • Digital business calculators: Replace guesstimates with robust calculations by utilising digital tools that integrate real-time data, which is particularly useful for forecasting revenue, profit margins, and budgeting.

  • Scenario planning and simulation tools: Develop digital models using frameworks like the business model canvas or the who-why-how-what approach. Simulating various market scenarios reveals which assumptions hold up under different conditions.

  • Risk rating frameworks: Adopt methodologies that prioritise assumptions by their potential risk impact, ensuring that testing efforts focus on those that could derail the entire strategy if incorrect.

By applying these digital-first techniques, the shift moves from “hopeful guessing” to informed decision-making.

A digital-first mindset for today’s business environment.

Crafting a tangible digital reality means continuously scrutinising and updating the assumptions underpinning a strategy. Embracing tools for real-time data collection, hypothesis testing, and iterative analysis ensures that a business remains agile and responsive. This digital-first thinking is not just about using technology, but about creating a culture where every assumption is treated as a hypothesis to be tested, refined, and eventually turned into a guarantee.

Integrating ideology, technology, and iconology is not merely theoretical; it is a practical approach to eliminating risks and unlocking new opportunities. Rigorous evaluation of assumptions refines business strategy and empowers teams to innovate with confidence.

Transforming assumptions into guarantees.

Transitioning from unverified assumptions to actionable guarantees is the critical step toward a resilient, future-proof strategy. This transformation involves:

  • Developing contingency plans: Use data-backed insights to create fallback strategies that prepare for various market scenarios.

  • Continuous monitoring: Establish real-time feedback loops with digital analytics and customer experience platforms to quickly adapt strategies based on emerging data.

  • Agile adjustments: Regularly review and update assumptions using automated digital support tools, ensuring that the business remains in sync with changing market conditions.

With this approach, a static strategy gives way to one that is agile and resilient, paving the way for smarter decision-making, greater operational efficiency, and sustainable growth.

A hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee, and by committing to a process of continuous validation and agile adaptation, businesses can bridge the gap from speculation to certainty, building strategies that are both visionary and firmly rooted in reality.



From hypothesis to data, validating assumptions with a digital-first approach.

In today’s fast-paced digital landscape, assumptions can no longer be left to chance. For businesses aiming to evolve and thrive, it is crucial to replace speculative hypotheses with concrete data. Drawing on extensive experience as a digital consultant and inspired by a digital-first mindset that ProjektID champions, this section outlines how to systematically validate assumptions using modern analytics and data visualisation tools.

Transforming hypotheses into measurable insights.

Every new business idea starts with a hypothesis, a set of assumptions about customer behaviour, market dynamics or operational efficiency. Relying on unverified beliefs can derail even the best-laid plans. Instead, a robust approach involves gathering real-world data that either supports or refutes these assumptions. A digital-first strategy makes all the difference:

  • Customer data analytics: Utilize surveys, social media listening tools and customer feedback platforms to capture detailed insights. This transition from “we think” to “we know” allows businesses to better understand their audience.

  • Market research platforms: Leverage industry analysis tools to monitor trends and competitive landscapes. These insights help identify shifts that could impact your business and inform strategic pivots.

  • Digital business calculators: Replace guesstimates with precise figures. Modern calculators integrate real-time data to project budgets, revenue growth and profitability, ensuring that financial assumptions are based on a solid foundation.

Best practices for integrating data into decision-making.

A digital-first approach means embedding data at the heart of strategic processes. Some best practices to transform assumptions into validated insights include:

  • Adopt a continuous feedback loop:

    • Regularly monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) and adjust your business model based on new data.

    • Use real-time dashboards to track customer engagement and market trends, enabling agile adjustments.

  • Leverage advanced data visualisation:

    • Convert complex datasets into intuitive charts and graphs, making it easier to spot trends and anomalies.

    • Visual insights not only facilitate clearer communication within teams but also empower decision-makers to act swiftly.

  • Utilise scenario planning tools:

    • Digital simulation tools allow testing of various “what-if” scenarios, such as the impact of a sudden market shift on revenue projections.

    • These tools refine your hypothesis by stress-testing different variables and outcomes.

  • Cultivate a data-driven culture:

    • Encourage team members to question assumptions and support recommendations with data.

    • Integrate analytics into everyday decision-making to make your business more agile, responsive and resilient.

A mindset.

This approach is not just about technology, it is about mindset. Combining a scientific background with real-world business experience shows that data can transform strategy. Embracing digital analytics and real-time market research replaces uncertainty with clarity and empowers teams to innovate confidently. ProjektID’s philosophy is to craft a tangible digital reality that not only shapes brand perception but also delivers measurable results. In this spirit, validating assumptions with data anchors every strategic decision in reality, minimising risks and unlocking new growth opportunities.

Building resilient, data-driven strategies.

Moving from hypothesis to data is a transformative journey. To build resilience, it is essential to transform unverified assumptions into actionable guarantees. This transformation involves several key steps:

  • Develop contingency plans and fallback strategies:

    • Use data-backed insights to create robust plans that prepare your business for varying market scenarios.

  • Implement continuous monitoring:

    • Establish automated feedback loops using digital analytics tools and customer experience platforms. This ensures that the business strategy can quickly adapt when emerging data challenges existing assumptions.

  • Make agile adjustments:

    • Regularly review and update your assumptions using automated digital support tools. Continuous evaluation helps maintain alignment between your digital strategy and changing market conditions.

  • Integrate automated digital support:

    • Tools like dynamic web assistance systems provide real-time monitoring and automated insights, securing your digital reality. Ongoing systems that manage and update website functionalities help ensure that your digital presence stays aligned with evolving market demands.

By following these steps, businesses shift from a static strategy based on assumptions to one that is agile and resilient. This method paves the way for smarter decision-making, greater operational efficiency and sustainable growth.

Bridging uncertainty with certainty.

A hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee, and transforming assumptions into reliable, data-driven strategies is key to long-term success. By leveraging modern analytics, digital business calculators and scenario planning tools, companies can turn uncertainty into a competitive advantage. Embracing a digital-first approach allows every decision to be backed by real-time data and continuous validation, ensuring that your strategy remains visionary yet firmly rooted in reality.



Digital tools and frameworks, testing business hypotheses in a technological era.

In today’s fast-paced digital landscape, untested assumptions can leave businesses vulnerable. To evolve and thrive, it is essential to replace speculative hypotheses with concrete, data-backed insights. Drawing on extensive experience as a digital consultant and a commitment to a digital-first mindset, this section explains how to validate assumptions using modern analytics and data visualisation tools.

Automated business model canvases and frameworks.

Digital frameworks such as the Business Model Canvas and the Who-Why-How-What method provide a structured way to map out your business hypothesis. They allow you to:

  • Visualise core components: Break down your value proposition, customer segments, revenue streams and more, which makes it easier to pinpoint assumptions that require validation.

  • Identify critical touchpoints: By mapping the customer journey, you can see where assumptions about user behaviour might diverge from reality.

  • Facilitate collaboration: A shared visual framework fosters cross-functional dialogue, enabling every team member to challenge and refine assumptions using real data.

Technology as a risk-reducer.

Integrating digital tools into your testing process minimises risk by enabling iterative updates to your business model. This approach includes:

  • Rapid iteration: Digital simulation platforms allow you to quickly test multiple scenarios, revealing the potential impact of each assumption in a controlled environment.

  • Stress-testing models: With real-time data feeds and simulation tools, hypotheses can be subjected to various market conditions, ensuring that strategies are robust under diverse scenarios.

  • Data-driven decision-making: Automated analytics tools continuously monitor key performance indicators, empowering you to update assumptions based on tangible evidence rather than on gut instinct.

Simulating outcomes with digital platforms.

Modern digital platforms offer powerful simulation capabilities to forecast outcomes based on different variables. They enable you to:

  • Plan scenarios: By adjusting variables in digital business calculators or simulation software, you can visualise how changes in market trends, customer behaviour or operational metrics affect your bottom line.

  • Perform stress and sensitivity analysis: These tools reveal which assumptions carry the most risk, allowing you to focus on refining the areas that matter most.

  • Enhance visualisation and reporting: Data visualisation dashboards translate complex datasets into intuitive graphs and charts, making it easier to share insights with your team and align on strategic modifications.

AEmbracing adaptation.

This approach is not merely about technology, but about cultivating a mindset where continuous learning and adaptation are the norm. Inspired by ProjektID’s digital-first philosophy, this mindset encourages you to:

  • Embrace change: Recognise that hypotheses are only as good as the data supporting them; regular testing and validation are essential.

  • Foster community: Engage with peers, industry experts and data analysts to share insights, challenge assumptions and build a network that thrives on collective intelligence.

  • Stay agile: Use iterative testing as a stepping stone for innovation. As data accumulates and hypotheses are refined, your business is better positioned to pivot quickly when market conditions shift.

Subtle digital enhancements.

While the primary focus is educational, it is important to note that integrated systems can support continuous improvement. Dynamic web assistance tools, for example, help streamline user interactions, while platforms that automate website management ensure that your digital presence remains agile and data-driven. These systems act as subtle enablers, ensuring that technology supports rather than distracts from the core strategy.

Bridging assumptions to reality.

Transforming assumptions into guarantees is a transformative journey. This process involves developing contingency plans based on validated data, establishing continuous monitoring, and making agile adjustments. Integrating automated digital support tools helps secure your company’s digital reality. Ongoing systems that manage and update website functionalities ensure that your online presence aligns with evolving market demands.

By leveraging modern analytics platforms, digital business calculators and scenario planning tools, you reduce risk and build a strategy that is both innovative and firmly grounded in reality. This data-centric approach transforms uncertainty into a competitive advantage, making every strategic decision reliable and robust.

A hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee. Only through continuous validation, agile adaptation and a commitment to data-driven decision-making can businesses bridge the gap from speculative ideas to actionable, resilient strategies. Embrace these digital methods to secure a future-proof business model that stands the test of time.



The human factor, bridging biases and business realities.

In our digital age, data and technology are central to shaping business strategies, yet even the most sophisticated systems can be swayed by human perceptions and biases. Drawing on extensive experience as a digital consultant and embracing a digital-first mindset, this section explores how personal bias and organisational culture create assumptions, and how proactive leadership can transform these assumptions into robust, data-driven guarantees.

Recognising the influence of personal bias.

Every business begins with assumptions formed by past experiences, personal preferences, and cultural backgrounds. For example, many assume that all customers share similar tastes or that what works in one market will automatically work in another. Equally, some believe that established processes are infallible because they have worked before, without realising that market dynamics and technology are ever-changing. Such biases, if left unchecked, can skew decision-making and lead to misaligned strategies and missed opportunities. Recognising and questioning these predispositions is the first step toward creating an objective and agile business model.

Leadership and continuous feedback.

Effective leadership is critical in creating an environment where assumptions are regularly challenged. Key strategies include:

Fostering an open feedback culture.

Encourage employees at all levels to voice their opinions and challenge existing assumptions. Real-time customer feedback platforms and employee engagement surveys can capture a wide range of perspectives.

Implementing iterative reviews.

Regular strategy sessions and performance reviews help leaders spot outdated assumptions. Continuous feedback loops enable businesses to pivot quickly when real-world data diverges from initial expectations.

Leveraging cross-functional teams.

Bringing together staff from diverse backgrounds and areas of expertise mitigates individual biases and promotes innovative thinking by viewing challenges from multiple angles. Digital collaboration platforms and dedicated feedback tools are invaluable in facilitating these open discussions.

Strategies for a culture of inquiry and continuous learning.

A proactive, inquisitive culture is essential for sustainable growth. To build such a culture:

Adopt data-driven decision-making.

Transition from “gut feelings” to decisions supported by robust, real-time data. Tools for customer analytics and employee insights provide concrete evidence to challenge assumptions and foster transparency.

Invest in learning platforms.

Continuous learning through internal workshops, online courses, and collaborative platforms helps employees share insights and remain updated on industry trends. This constant upskilling enhances both individual and organisational capabilities.

Promote experimentation.

Create a safe space for testing new ideas, whether through A/B testing in marketing or pilot projects in product development. Experimentation allows for the validation of assumptions and reveals the true dynamics of the market.

These strategies not only refine decision-making but also create a dynamic work environment where every voice is valued, ensuring that strategies remain robust and adaptable.

Technical insight: tools for real-time feedback.

Modern technology offers powerful solutions to capture and analyse feedback, reducing the influence of bias. Consider these tools:

Real-time analytics dashboards.

Platforms such as Google Analytics, Tableau, or custom-built dashboards provide immediate insights into customer behaviour and market trends. These tools help quickly validate or refute assumptions.

Employee feedback systems.

Software solutions like Slack integrations, survey tools such as SurveyMonkey, and internal discussion boards capture insights directly from team members, which are essential for continuous improvement.

Customer experience platforms.

These tools collect and analyse customer feedback via reviews, social media, or direct surveys, allowing businesses to gauge sentiment and adjust strategies accordingly.

Integrating these technologies into daily operations builds a foundation for iterative reassessment that continuously aligns business strategy with real-world dynamics.

Connecting bias to certainty.

Transforming assumptions into actionable guarantees is the key to building a resilient business strategy. This transformation involves developing data-backed contingency plans, establishing continuous monitoring, and making agile adjustments. By replacing uncertainty with a structured, data-driven approach, businesses can reduce risks, enhance operational efficiency, and unlock sustainable growth.

A hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee. Through persistent validation, agile adaptation, and a commitment to data-driven decision-making, it is possible to bridge the gap between speculative ideas and concrete, resilient strategies. Embrace these digital methods to secure a future-proof business model that stands the test of time.



Structured analysis, applying frameworks to map and test your assumptions.

In an ever-evolving business landscape, relying solely on intuition or untested beliefs can lead to costly pitfalls. Drawing on extensive experience as a digital consultant and embracing a digital-first ethos that ProjektID champions, this section explains how to systematically deconstruct and validate business assumptions. By applying structured frameworks, you can identify critical risks, design targeted tests, and refine your strategy with confidence.

Deconstructing business assumptions step-by-step.

Structured analysis begins by breaking down your business model into its essential components. Frameworks such as the Business Model Canvas and the Who-Why-How-What approach provide a clear roadmap.

Business model canvas.

Key partnerships, activities and resources:

Map out the elements driving your operations, and pinpoint assumptions regarding supplier reliability, team capabilities and technology infrastructure.

Value proposition and customer segments:

Analyse your core offerings and the assumed needs of your target market. Ask, “What do we believe our customers value most?” and “How can we validate that through data or feedback?”

Who-why-how-what framework.

Who:

Identify and segment your target audience, challenging assumptions by gathering customer feedback and market research data.

Why:

Clarify the rationale behind your value proposition and operational strategy, ensuring that the benefits you assume to offer are supported by real-world evidence.

How:

Detail your operational processes and technological integrations. Use digital prototyping tools and scenario planning software to simulate outcomes and reveal hidden risks.

What:

Specify measurable goals and key performance indicators (KPIs), helping determine whether your assumptions translate into sustainable business results.

Prioritising risks and designing targeted tests.

Not every assumption carries the same weight. Structured analysis helps identify the most critical, and risky, assumptions for business success.

Risk rating methodologies.

  • Rank assumptions based on potential impact and likelihood of failure, so that validation efforts focus on the areas that matter most.

  • Tools like SWOT analysis and sensitivity testing offer a framework to gauge vulnerabilities.

Digital prototyping and scenario planning.

  • Use digital prototyping tools to create virtual models of your business processes, allowing experimentation with different variables in a risk-free environment.

  • Scenario planning software enables stress-testing of assumptions under varying market conditions. This iterative process ensures that your business model remains robust even when facing unexpected challenges.

Case studies and practical examples.

Consider a hypothetical startup that assumed its primary revenue would come from a niche customer segment. By applying the Business Model Canvas, the team mapped key activities and revenue streams, and then used digital prototyping to simulate customer interactions. The analysis revealed a critical gap: a significant portion of the potential market was underserved. Revising the value proposition and incorporating continuous customer feedback allowed the startup to mitigate risk and realign its strategy to capture a broader market segment.

Technical insight, digital tools for structured analysis.

Modern technology is indispensable for structured analysis. Several tools can streamline the process:

Digital business calculators and dashboard tools.

These generate real-time financial projections, track KPIs and visualise data, thereby validating assumptions on revenue, costs and scalability.

Prototyping software.

Tools such as Sketch, Figma or custom simulation platforms enable the building of interactive prototypes for rapid testing of user interfaces and operational processes without full-scale development.

Scenario planning platforms.

Software designed for scenario analysis can model different market conditions and stress-test your assumptions, offering a dynamic way to assess how various inputs might affect outcomes.

Building resilience through persistence.

Transforming vague assumptions into clear, actionable insights is key to building a resilient strategy. By breaking down your business model with systematic frameworks, prioritising risks, and leveraging modern digital tools, you empower decision-making with clarity and precision. This methodical approach not only mitigates risk but also fuels continuous improvement, a core principle of ProjektID’s digital-first ethos.

Regular validation and agile adaptation ensure that strategies remain robust and responsive. As market dynamics and technology continue to evolve, it is only through persistent testing and data-driven decision-making that speculative ideas can be transformed into sustainable, guaranteed outcomes.

A hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee. Only through structured, data-driven analysis can businesses build resilient strategies that stand the test of time, paving the way for sustainable success and innovative growth. Embrace these digital methods and make every strategic decision as solid as the data behind it.



Transforming assumptions into guarantees – building resilient, data-driven strategies.

In the dynamic digital landscape, basing your strategy on unverified assumptions can be a costly gamble. The key to long-term success is to transform these assumptions into guarantees backed by robust data. This approach not only builds resilience but also ensures that every decision is agile and firmly grounded in reality.

From speculation to certainty.

Assumptions are often untested hypotheses about your market, operations, or customer behaviour. They may arise from personal bias or reliance on past experiences. However, moving from speculative ideas to guarantees requires rigorous testing, continuous monitoring, and data-driven validation. By replacing “what if” with “what is,” you can design strategies that both anticipate challenges and adapt to evolving market realities.

Developing contingency plans and fallback strategies.

A critical step in transforming assumptions into guarantees is to build comprehensive contingency plans. This involves several key actions:

Data-backed validation.

Use digital analytics and customer feedback tools to confirm or refute your assumptions. For example, real-time dashboards and business calculators can monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) that directly impact revenue and operational efficiency.

Scenario planning.

Implement digital prototyping and simulation tools to stress-test various scenarios. By simulating market fluctuations, shifts in customer behaviour, or unexpected operational setbacks, you can develop well-defined contingency plans for each scenario.

Risk assessment frameworks.

Integrate structured risk-rating systems to prioritise assumptions based on potential impact and likelihood of failure. This systematic approach ensures that resources are allocated effectively to mitigate the most critical risks.

Continuous monitoring and agile adjustments.

A resilient strategy is not static; it evolves as new data becomes available. To maintain flexibility and responsiveness:

Feedback loops.

Establish continuous feedback mechanisms using automated analytics tools and customer engagement platforms. This enables rapid adjustments based on real-world performance rather than solely relying on initial assumptions.

Agile methodologies.

Adopt agile project management techniques, including regular sprints, retrospective meetings, and adaptable roadmaps. These practices ensure that your business remains responsive to changes and can iteratively test and refine strategies.

Automated digital support.

Leverage dynamic web assistance systems that provide real-time monitoring and automated insights, ensuring your digital presence stays aligned with current market demands. Additionally, ongoing systems for managing and updating website functionalities help keep your online strategy robust and relevant.

Shifting the mindset, from assuming success to engineering it.

Transforming assumptions into guarantees begins with a fundamental shift in mindset. Instead of taking success for granted, adopt a culture that continuously challenges every hypothesis with data:

Embrace a data-driven culture.

Encourage all team members to validate their assumptions with concrete data. Replacing guesswork with measurable outcomes drives innovation and enhances strategic planning.

Invest in continuous learning.

Make use of online courses, lectures, and real-time analytics to stay updated with industry trends. This commitment to education ensures that your strategies are always based on the latest information.

Strategic foresight.

Recognise that a hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee. Instead, engineer your business model with contingency plans, agile processes, and integrated feedback loops. This proactive approach turns uncertainty into a competitive advantage.

Committing to validation and adaptation.

Transforming unverified assumptions into actionable guarantees is essential for building a resilient and sustainable business. The process involves developing data-backed contingency plans, establishing continuous monitoring systems, and making agile adjustments based on real-time insights. By leveraging advanced digital tools, such as analytics dashboards, prototyping software, and scenario planning platforms, you can eliminate guesswork and ensure that every strategic decision is firmly rooted in reality.

This methodical, data-driven approach not only minimises risks but also fuels continuous improvement. In today’s ever-changing digital environment, integrating automated feedback loops and digital support systems helps maintain alignment between your business strategy and market dynamics. By committing to constant validation and agile adaptation, you create a culture where uncertainty is replaced by informed decision-making and resilience.

A hypothetical assumption is not a guarantee, and only through persistent, data-driven analysis can businesses build strategies that stand the test of time. Embrace these digital methods to bridge the gap between speculative ideas and verified, robust outcomes, ensuring that your business remains agile, innovative, and well-prepared for future challenges.

 

References

Information and statistics were collected from this source, this source, this source, this source, this source, this source, this source, this source, this source, this source, this source, this source and this source.

Thank you for taking the time to read this article. Hopefully, this has provided you with insight to assist you with your business.


Luke Anthony Houghton

Founder & Digital Consultant

UX & UI Frontend Website Programmer | Brand & Social Media Manager | Graphic Designer & Digital Analyst

https://www.projektid.co/luke-anthony-houghton/
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